For the MIMO nonlinear systems, a multivariable ORVFL neural network adaptive predictive control algorithm based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm was proposed in this paper. The algorithm uses the ORVFL network to approximate the nonlinear system model, and applies to the multi?step prediction of the system process. In order to improve the performance of the Sparrow Search Algorithm, the algorithm is used to optimize the system performance index online and solve the optimal control law of each sampling period. The results show that the algorithm has good control performance and good anti?model mismatch ability.